Track 15: Gut-Endocrine Axis and Hormonal Regulation

The gut–endocrine axis represents the dynamic communication between the gut microbiota and the body’s hormonal systems. The gut microbiome influences the production, secretion, and regulation of various hormones, impacting metabolism, appetite, stress response, and overall endocrine health. Disruptions in this axis can contribute to metabolic disorders, obesity, and hormonal imbalances.

Mechanisms of Gut–Endocrine Interaction

• The gut microbiota affects hormonal regulation through several mechanisms:
• Metabolite Production: Gut bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and other bioactive compounds that influence insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, and fat storage.
• Modulation of Appetite Hormones: Microbial metabolites regulate hormones such as ghrelin, leptin, and peptide YY, which control hunger, satiety, and energy balance.
• Interaction with Stress Hormones: The gut microbiota modulates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, affecting cortisol levels and stress response.
• Influence on Sex Hormones: Certain gut bacteria participate in the metabolism of estrogens and androgens, impacting reproductive health and hormone-related conditions.

Clinical Implications
Imbalances in the gut–endocrine axis are linked to metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and other hormonal disorders. Modulating the gut microbiome with probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary interventions may help restore hormonal balance, improve metabolic outcomes, and support endocrine health.

Conclusion
The gut–endocrine axis highlights the critical role of the microbiome in regulating hormones and maintaining metabolic and systemic health. Targeted microbiome interventions offer promising strategies to optimize hormonal regulation and prevent endocrine-related diseases.